not to mention ID systems, the possiblities are quite vast ! The country I live in currently already has a centralized ID-system with a portal for everything from taxes to votes to medical histories. if this would be supported by a network of miners it would give more secruity, right ?
Security yes, intended as data integrity. A block of data written on the blockchain cannot be faked at a later time as every block includes the hash of the previous block. You cannot change a single bit in a single block without changing ALL the following blocks... they are "chained" in a very good way.
Do you have any ideas about potential threats on the current blockchain system ?
I'm aware of the 51% attack. From this point of view, the more distributed is the mining power the more secure is the network. Actually the bitcoin network is not the best example of decentralization: a small group of pools generate all the hashing power... Plus it is not even very much energy-efficient. The enormous hash power used to keep the network safe could be used for more useful application, example scientific research.
Obviously Bitcoin is the first release of this technology, so in few years we will see better and more efficient mining algorithms. POS already solved a part of those problem, thought I don't trust 100% POS network very much. However, the idea of securing the network through mining is just is genial, all the following improvement will be just small technical details.
I don't know of any other threat to the network. Are you? There are maybe some unknown threats to be discovered...