If on the fingers, then mining is a critical process for Bitcoin, consisting in creating new blocks and pursuing two goals at once. The first is the production of money supply. Every time the miner creates a new block, he is rewarded with a reward in the N-th number of coins, which he then spends somewhere, thereby launching new means into the network.The second and much more important goal is to ensure the operation of the entire network. Certainly, by reading the previous articles, you already asked yourself the questions "Who is the person who checks the transaction scripts?" Or "If I indicate already used output as an input, at what point will it be noticed?".So, all these actions are performed primarily by miners. Well, in fact, each member of the network to some extent ensures its security. Synchronize Bitcoin for so long not because you have to download 100 GB, but because you have to check every byte, count each hash, run each script and so on.
But if you draw the whole process, from clicking the "Send" button in your wallet and ending with viewing the block with your transaction somewhere on blockchain.info, then it will be the miners who decide whether your transaction will be in the block or not.